A Brief History of African Music Through the Colonial Period

A Brief History of African Music through The Colonial Period Music before the 20th century was very different when compared to the music of the 21st Century. There were distinctive occasions for each type of African music. West African music, the African Diaspora, and the music of the Colonies each had different musical instruments. West African music was the music of the African people before the Europeans captured and sold them into slavery in the Americas. It was unique in the manner in which it was played as well as the reasons why it was played. West African music was documented around the 1600s when explorers wrote journals about what they had found while traveling. Every West African village had its own professional†¦show more content†¦They were technically slaves but they werent directly called slaves. Black slaves were being taken away from their families and were not permitted to bring material objects with them. In the Colonies, Africans werent allowed to read, write, or learn anything except for what their master taught them. Some Africans learned to play a musical instrument by watching other white male musicians. Some became relatively famous. They had memories and their culture of music to keep their minds off of their enslavement. Their music in Africa was reflected in the new songs they sang as a release from the physical and mental cruelty of their new slavery. During the Colonial Era slaves were allowed to attend church Sundays. This brought congregational singing into their lives. Black men and women had there own special pews and they would chant one or two lines at a time ending on a definite pitch and then the congregation would follow singing with the same line. This was called lining out which still lingers on in black churches today. They learned to sing psalms by hearing them and then ach time they were sung, the tune would change a little. Singing schools eventually started appearing so people could receive correct singing. Organs were brought into churches. During the 1730s a more upbeat singing pattern came to the churches called Hymnody. They were religious poems rather then psalms whichShow MoreRelatedOverview of Cultural Anthropology1117 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Cultural Anthropology The nature of the culture: farming, hunting, gathering, fishing, cattle raising, industrialization etc. The uses and measures of wealth. Jamaica has a history of farming, hunting, gathering and fishing going back to colonial days. This is when the British colonized the country in order to provide them with a number of agricultural products they could sell on the world markets. 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Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate...

Experiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2O, owing for a percentage yield of 74.###%. A percentage yield of 11#.##% was also calculated, had the final product been K[FeIII(C2O4)2] ·2H2O. This value was rejected because experimental errors are never to exceed theoretical values,†¦show more content†¦The redox components occur in pairs, with one species (the reductant) giving up its electron(s) to be taken up by the other species (the oxidant). 4A involves the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex. The iron is first presented in its Fe2+ form, so it must first be oxidized to Fe3+ before the oxalate ion will bind readily to it. Hydrogen peroxide is the oxidant of choice: 2Fe2+ (aq) + H2O2 (l) + 2H+ (aq) 2Fe3+ (aq) + 2H2O (l), in acidic solution. (1) The oxalate ion is then free to coordinate to the Fe3+ ion, forming a complex of Fe(C2O4). The oxalate ion is the conjugate base of the weak oxalic acid, H2C2O4. In lab, careful attention is paid to the maintenance of the H2C2O4-C2O42- equilibrium, as only the oxalate ion is capable of coordinating. This is done through the addition of H2C2O4 and the soluble K2C2O4 – only the oxalate anion is of concern: (2) The complex may then be synthesized – the general reaction equation is: aFe(NH4)2(SO4)2 ·6H2O + bK+ + cC2O42- + dH2C2O4 eK3[Fe3+(C2O4)3] ·3H2O (3) The complex is then precipitated out and rendered into a crystalline form with ice (decreased temperature results in decreased solubility) and ethanol (a polar solvent; the nonpolar target product will have limited solubility in ethanol because of the violation of the like-dissolves-like rule). The most likely synthesis products areShow MoreRelatedSynthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate Complex7868 Words   |  32 PagesExperiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2ORead MoreIons in Our Daily Life2554 Words   |  11 Pagesis a common mechanism exploited by natural and artificial biocides, including the ion channels gramicidin and amphotericin (a fungicide). Inorganic dissolved ions are a component of total dissolved solids, an indicator of water quality in the world. Chemistry Notation Denoting the charged state Equivalent notations for an iron atom (Fe) that lost two electrons. When writing the chemical formula for an ion, its net charge is written in superscript immediately after the chemical structure for theRead MoreThe Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels13647 Words   |  55 Pagesin the extraction step and varied volumetric ratio of the Ethanol in the precipitation. The results obtained showed that methanol extraction of oil as a pre-treatment gave a higher yield of pectin than using hydrochloric acid on the raw peel. The analysis carried out on the extracted pectin showed that pectin from post-methanol pre-treatment residue have a dark brown colour, with density of 0.133 g/cm3 and a yield of 16.06% while that without methanol pre-treatment have a greenish yellow colour, 0 Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate... Experiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2O, owing for a percentage yield of 74.###%. A percentage yield of 11#.##% was also calculated, had the final product been K[FeIII(C2O4)2] ·2H2O. This value was rejected because experimental errors are never to exceed theoretical values,†¦show more content†¦Experiment 4C utilized Spectrophotometry to determine the iron content in the iron (III) oxalate complex. The results were combined with findings from 4A and 4B to determine the empirical formula and percentage yield of the compound synthesized in 4A. Spectrophotometry is a routine laboratory test that has the added advantage of being able to analyze multiple samples in a short amount of time. The sample to be tested absorbs a certain amount of electromagnetic radiation from a source, and the amount absorbed is related to the concentration of a species in solution—or more specifically, the concentration (c) and the path length (b). the ratio of intensity of light entering the cell (I0) and leaving the cell (I) are related by Beer’s Law. The transmittance (T) represents the fraction of the original radiant energy that passes through, or is transmitted, to the other wise of the cell. These terms are related by the equation: ï £ «1ï £ ¶ ï £ « I. ï £ ¶ ï £ «1ï £ ¶ ï £ « I. ï £ ¶ lnï £ ¬ ï £ · = lnï £ ¬ ï £ · = kbc or logï £ ¬ ï £ · = logï £ ¬ ï £ · = ÃŽ µbc (5) ï £ ­T ï £ ¸ ï £ ­Iï £ ¸ ï £ ­T ï £ ¸ ï £ ­Iï £ ¸ The term I0/I is renamed absorbance where A=ÃŽ µbc with A=log(1/T). The conversion between absorbance ï £ « 100 ï £ ¶ and percent transmittance is given by A = logï £ ¬ ï £ · . The most efficient way of determining ï £ ­ %T ï £ ¸ concentration is to prepare a set of standard solutions of known concentration,Show MoreRelatedSynthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate Complex7868 Words   |  32 PagesExperiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2ORead MoreIons in Our Daily Life2554 Words   |  11 Pagesis a common mechanism exploited by natural and artificial biocides, including the ion channels gramicidin and amphotericin (a fungicide). Inorganic dissolved ions are a component of total dissolved solids, an indicator of water quality in the world. Chemistry Notation Denoting the charged state Equivalent notations for an iron atom (Fe) that lost two electrons. When writing the chemical formula for an ion, its net charge is written in superscript immediately after the chemical structure for theRead MoreThe Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels13647 Words   |  55 Pagesin the extraction step and varied volumetric ratio of the Ethanol in the precipitation. The results obtained showed that methanol extraction of oil as a pre-treatment gave a higher yield of pectin than using hydrochloric acid on the raw peel. The analysis carried out on the extracted pectin showed that pectin from post-methanol pre-treatment residue have a dark brown colour, with density of 0.133 g/cm3 and a yield of 16.06% while that without methanol pre-treatment have a greenish yellow colour, 0

Citizen Cane Questionaire Free Essays

Citizen Kane Questionnaire View the movie CITIZEN KANE (1941) for discussion in class on week four and to submit week five. Be sure to view the film at least twice before workshop number four. Read the information in this syllabus about this movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Cane Questionaire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research it online at http://www. filmsite. org/citi. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Citizen_Kane, http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0033467/, http://www. cinepad. com/reviews/kane. htm, etc. Then complete the following questionnaire A. Literary Elements (Describe in one or two sentences) 1. Structure (storytelling format The storytelling format for this film was more of an investigation kind of way, searching for the meaning of the word rosebud. Flashbacks used throughout the film to fill in information that could lead to the meaning of the words. 2. Plot (story) The story is about a man who becomes a tycoon. While gaining riches, wives and possessions he loses his soul. He dies and some journalists want to discover the meaning of his dying words â€Å"rose bud†. 3. Theme (message) The theme message for this film is that money and power do not make a person. Not all the power and money one person may have is going to fulfill the happiness one desires. . Three moral issues in the story Power cannot buy happiness nor can it fulfill it. There were a few social issues, one of them being family and marriage issues such as divorce. Kane’s fame and wealth cannot save him from his secret relationship. B. Mise en Scene: Theatrical Elements (give two examples each, noting briefly what you have ob served and where in the film) 5. Unusual Sets/Backdrops A. ) The scene where Kane and his wife were at a cafe or restaurant and the back drop was a wilderness or forest and they threw in animated birds flying through the backdrop. B. ) Another element was enormous fireplace at Kane’s residence. 6. Historic Costuming A. ) Their costumes represented the era and their social status. B. ) Kane wore a thick, heavy fur coat that represented his status; having great deal of money. 7. Notable Makeup A) Kane’s makeup in the early stages young and youthful and at the end, it showed him 85 and old-marriage scene, young and when his second wife was leaving him, it depicted him old with a cane B) Makeup shown when his second wife dressed up to sing opera at their theatre she wore heavy makeup . Composition (vertical lines, ceiling framing) A. ) There is a ceiling frame scene, where Kane and his friend come across the reporter that had fallen asleep; on the review of wife’s performance. The camera focused on his friend using a low angle showing the corner of the ceiling his head. B. ) In the theatre, during one of the performances the camera scrolls up looking at nothing but the structure of the buildin g. As the camera, scrolls up there were walkways or railing that went across the screen. 9. High key lighting (happy) A) When he meets his second wife and goes to her place she is lit up and light depicting happy. B) There is high lighting used while watching the marching girls; cheering and happy music playing in background. 10. Low key Lighting (mystery) A. ) There is a face in the dark when Kane goes to meet someone for information about something. The dark shadow over the face shows that there is a secret. B. ) In the start of the film appears to be several men in a darkened room; appears mystererious, searching for answers. All men stay in the dark when that scene ends. C. Low key lighting used when fireworks launched into the sky. 11. Notable Acting (and movement) A. ) The end of the movie Kane destroys his second wife’s room, breaking glass, flipping tables over, throwing everything on the ground, showing his anger, frustration and pain. B. ) Notable acting when Kane slaps his second wife across the face when she was complaining about the reviews in the paper about her performance. C. Cinematography (give two examples each, noting briefly what you have observed and where in the film) 12. Notable camera angles (low angle, high angle, etc. A) There is an extremely low angle when the boy receives a gift. B) There is a low angle during one of the opera performances when the camera looks down at the singing coach sort of under the stage. 13. Notable Framing (two shot, three shot, four shot, foreground framing) A) There is a three shot frame when Kane is typing the review. B) The scene where in the background, through the window, a boy can be seen playing outside. C) There is foreground framing in the reflection shot from the window of Kane dancing. 14. Notable Framing (close-up) A) The scene when Kane says, â€Å"Rosebud† with an extreme close-up of his lips. B) At the end of the movie when camera zooms in on Kane’s childhood sled focusing in on â€Å"Rosebud† 15. Notable lenses (deep focus, fish eye) A) The scene with the boy playing in the snow, seen through the window while his mother signs documents has deep focus. B) The scene where Kane’s wife is laying in the chair, the meds on the table; seen up close and the focus remains clear to the bedroom door in the distance. 16. Notable Camera Movement (crane shots, hand-held, etc. A) There is a crane shot; camera breaks through the sign and into the broken skylight into the El Rancho Nightclub B) Crane shot- Emily went to Susan’s home and going up the stairs into her home is one depicted. 17. Forced perspective A) The wedding scene of Emily and Kane are using forced perspective of the White House. B) There is a Scene showing Kane’s home, gate seen in the background on top of the hill. D. Editing—Assembly and Printing of film (give two examples each, noting briefly what you have observed and where in the film) 8. Special Effects (animation, matting) A) There is animation in two of the scenes where they show you a map WB. B) There is also picnic scene where animated birds are flying. 19. Transitions (dissolves, wipes, fades) A) Dissolving scene is when Thatcher, Bernstein, Kane are in a room, three are at a table and Kane is in the back. That letter reading shows 1929 and it dissolves. B) Earlier scene in beginning of film shows monkeys then it proceeds and you see the castle . In all that area all picture is showing dissolving. C) The Xanadu scenes were also dissolving scenes. D) His campaign scene showing his face in the background also dissolves. 20. Montage A) The scene at the â€Å"breakfast† table shows marriage nice and sweet then shows it falling apart. B) Another scene; Thatcher calls Kane Charles at Christmas time and he opened a Christmas present. This portrayed Thatcher young, Kane young, then next scene is reading a letter from Kane, and he is aged. D. Sound (give one example each) 21. Diegetic music A) When Kane receives the trophy. B) After the scene where Kane is typing the review. 22. Non-diagetic music A) After Kane leaves in the trophy scene thee is non- diegetic music. B) Sound transition; there was clapping going from one scene to another. 23. Notable or unusual music A) There is notable military music by the Teddy Roosevelt scene in the beginning of the film. B) The scene where you see the mannish woman there is echo and ironic music then you hear audio the audio transition and are less subtle 24. Layering A) There was voice overlay at the beginning with Thatcher and two employees. Thatcher is upset with Him for working at the newspaper and losing money. B) When Kane was throwing his big party with dancing girls there was laughter and chaos, much vocal overlay. 25. Audio transitions A) There is an audio transition when Kane yelling transitions into the horn honking. B) Audio transition scene when Kane is giving a speech and the scene transitions through different speeches. 26. Dead screen A) There is dead screen after the montage of scenes going through the newspaper headlines the film goes into a dead screen. How to cite Citizen Cane Questionaire, Papers