Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate...

Experiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2O, owing for a percentage yield of 74.###%. A percentage yield of 11#.##% was also calculated, had the final product been K[FeIII(C2O4)2] ·2H2O. This value was rejected because experimental errors are never to exceed theoretical values,†¦show more content†¦The redox components occur in pairs, with one species (the reductant) giving up its electron(s) to be taken up by the other species (the oxidant). 4A involves the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex. The iron is first presented in its Fe2+ form, so it must first be oxidized to Fe3+ before the oxalate ion will bind readily to it. Hydrogen peroxide is the oxidant of choice: 2Fe2+ (aq) + H2O2 (l) + 2H+ (aq) 2Fe3+ (aq) + 2H2O (l), in acidic solution. (1) The oxalate ion is then free to coordinate to the Fe3+ ion, forming a complex of Fe(C2O4). The oxalate ion is the conjugate base of the weak oxalic acid, H2C2O4. In lab, careful attention is paid to the maintenance of the H2C2O4-C2O42- equilibrium, as only the oxalate ion is capable of coordinating. This is done through the addition of H2C2O4 and the soluble K2C2O4 – only the oxalate anion is of concern: (2) The complex may then be synthesized – the general reaction equation is: aFe(NH4)2(SO4)2 ·6H2O + bK+ + cC2O42- + dH2C2O4 eK3[Fe3+(C2O4)3] ·3H2O (3) The complex is then precipitated out and rendered into a crystalline form with ice (decreased temperature results in decreased solubility) and ethanol (a polar solvent; the nonpolar target product will have limited solubility in ethanol because of the violation of the like-dissolves-like rule). The most likely synthesis products areShow MoreRelatedSynthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate Complex7868 Words   |  32 PagesExperiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2ORead MoreIons in Our Daily Life2554 Words   |  11 Pagesis a common mechanism exploited by natural and artificial biocides, including the ion channels gramicidin and amphotericin (a fungicide). Inorganic dissolved ions are a component of total dissolved solids, an indicator of water quality in the world. Chemistry Notation Denoting the charged state Equivalent notations for an iron atom (Fe) that lost two electrons. When writing the chemical formula for an ion, its net charge is written in superscript immediately after the chemical structure for theRead MoreThe Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels13647 Words   |  55 Pagesin the extraction step and varied volumetric ratio of the Ethanol in the precipitation. The results obtained showed that methanol extraction of oil as a pre-treatment gave a higher yield of pectin than using hydrochloric acid on the raw peel. The analysis carried out on the extracted pectin showed that pectin from post-methanol pre-treatment residue have a dark brown colour, with density of 0.133 g/cm3 and a yield of 16.06% while that without methanol pre-treatment have a greenish yellow colour, 0 Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate... Experiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2O, owing for a percentage yield of 74.###%. A percentage yield of 11#.##% was also calculated, had the final product been K[FeIII(C2O4)2] ·2H2O. This value was rejected because experimental errors are never to exceed theoretical values,†¦show more content†¦Experiment 4C utilized Spectrophotometry to determine the iron content in the iron (III) oxalate complex. The results were combined with findings from 4A and 4B to determine the empirical formula and percentage yield of the compound synthesized in 4A. Spectrophotometry is a routine laboratory test that has the added advantage of being able to analyze multiple samples in a short amount of time. The sample to be tested absorbs a certain amount of electromagnetic radiation from a source, and the amount absorbed is related to the concentration of a species in solution—or more specifically, the concentration (c) and the path length (b). the ratio of intensity of light entering the cell (I0) and leaving the cell (I) are related by Beer’s Law. The transmittance (T) represents the fraction of the original radiant energy that passes through, or is transmitted, to the other wise of the cell. These terms are related by the equation: ï £ «1ï £ ¶ ï £ « I. ï £ ¶ ï £ «1ï £ ¶ ï £ « I. ï £ ¶ lnï £ ¬ ï £ · = lnï £ ¬ ï £ · = kbc or logï £ ¬ ï £ · = logï £ ¬ ï £ · = ÃŽ µbc (5) ï £ ­T ï £ ¸ ï £ ­Iï £ ¸ ï £ ­T ï £ ¸ ï £ ­Iï £ ¸ The term I0/I is renamed absorbance where A=ÃŽ µbc with A=log(1/T). The conversion between absorbance ï £ « 100 ï £ ¶ and percent transmittance is given by A = logï £ ¬ ï £ · . The most efficient way of determining ï £ ­ %T ï £ ¸ concentration is to prepare a set of standard solutions of known concentration,Show MoreRelatedSynthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (Iii) Oxalate Complex7868 Words   |  32 PagesExperiments 4A-C: Synthesis and Component Analysis of an Iron (III) Oxalate Complex My Name TA, Section B## Work Performed on 10/23, 10/30, 11/4, 200# Report due Tuesday, November ##, 200# 1. Abstract This experiment initially involved the synthesis of an iron (III) oxalate complex with the general formula Kw[Fex(C2O4)y] ·zH2O. The variables x, y, and z were determined through the duration of the entire experiment. From 1.2000g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 were synthesized 1.1###g of K3[FeIII(C2O4)3] ·3H2ORead MoreIons in Our Daily Life2554 Words   |  11 Pagesis a common mechanism exploited by natural and artificial biocides, including the ion channels gramicidin and amphotericin (a fungicide). Inorganic dissolved ions are a component of total dissolved solids, an indicator of water quality in the world. Chemistry Notation Denoting the charged state Equivalent notations for an iron atom (Fe) that lost two electrons. When writing the chemical formula for an ion, its net charge is written in superscript immediately after the chemical structure for theRead MoreThe Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels13647 Words   |  55 Pagesin the extraction step and varied volumetric ratio of the Ethanol in the precipitation. The results obtained showed that methanol extraction of oil as a pre-treatment gave a higher yield of pectin than using hydrochloric acid on the raw peel. The analysis carried out on the extracted pectin showed that pectin from post-methanol pre-treatment residue have a dark brown colour, with density of 0.133 g/cm3 and a yield of 16.06% while that without methanol pre-treatment have a greenish yellow colour, 0

Citizen Cane Questionaire Free Essays

Citizen Kane Questionnaire View the movie CITIZEN KANE (1941) for discussion in class on week four and to submit week five. Be sure to view the film at least twice before workshop number four. Read the information in this syllabus about this movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Cane Questionaire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research it online at http://www. filmsite. org/citi. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Citizen_Kane, http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0033467/, http://www. cinepad. com/reviews/kane. htm, etc. Then complete the following questionnaire A. Literary Elements (Describe in one or two sentences) 1. Structure (storytelling format The storytelling format for this film was more of an investigation kind of way, searching for the meaning of the word rosebud. Flashbacks used throughout the film to fill in information that could lead to the meaning of the words. 2. Plot (story) The story is about a man who becomes a tycoon. While gaining riches, wives and possessions he loses his soul. He dies and some journalists want to discover the meaning of his dying words â€Å"rose bud†. 3. Theme (message) The theme message for this film is that money and power do not make a person. Not all the power and money one person may have is going to fulfill the happiness one desires. . Three moral issues in the story Power cannot buy happiness nor can it fulfill it. There were a few social issues, one of them being family and marriage issues such as divorce. Kane’s fame and wealth cannot save him from his secret relationship. B. Mise en Scene: Theatrical Elements (give two examples each, noting briefly what you have ob served and where in the film) 5. Unusual Sets/Backdrops A. ) The scene where Kane and his wife were at a cafe or restaurant and the back drop was a wilderness or forest and they threw in animated birds flying through the backdrop. B. ) Another element was enormous fireplace at Kane’s residence. 6. Historic Costuming A. ) Their costumes represented the era and their social status. B. ) Kane wore a thick, heavy fur coat that represented his status; having great deal of money. 7. Notable Makeup A) Kane’s makeup in the early stages young and youthful and at the end, it showed him 85 and old-marriage scene, young and when his second wife was leaving him, it depicted him old with a cane B) Makeup shown when his second wife dressed up to sing opera at their theatre she wore heavy makeup . Composition (vertical lines, ceiling framing) A. ) There is a ceiling frame scene, where Kane and his friend come across the reporter that had fallen asleep; on the review of wife’s performance. The camera focused on his friend using a low angle showing the corner of the ceiling his head. B. ) In the theatre, during one of the performances the camera scrolls up looking at nothing but the structure of the buildin g. As the camera, scrolls up there were walkways or railing that went across the screen. 9. High key lighting (happy) A) When he meets his second wife and goes to her place she is lit up and light depicting happy. B) There is high lighting used while watching the marching girls; cheering and happy music playing in background. 10. Low key Lighting (mystery) A. ) There is a face in the dark when Kane goes to meet someone for information about something. The dark shadow over the face shows that there is a secret. B. ) In the start of the film appears to be several men in a darkened room; appears mystererious, searching for answers. All men stay in the dark when that scene ends. C. Low key lighting used when fireworks launched into the sky. 11. Notable Acting (and movement) A. ) The end of the movie Kane destroys his second wife’s room, breaking glass, flipping tables over, throwing everything on the ground, showing his anger, frustration and pain. B. ) Notable acting when Kane slaps his second wife across the face when she was complaining about the reviews in the paper about her performance. C. Cinematography (give two examples each, noting briefly what you have observed and where in the film) 12. Notable camera angles (low angle, high angle, etc. A) There is an extremely low angle when the boy receives a gift. B) There is a low angle during one of the opera performances when the camera looks down at the singing coach sort of under the stage. 13. Notable Framing (two shot, three shot, four shot, foreground framing) A) There is a three shot frame when Kane is typing the review. B) The scene where in the background, through the window, a boy can be seen playing outside. C) There is foreground framing in the reflection shot from the window of Kane dancing. 14. Notable Framing (close-up) A) The scene when Kane says, â€Å"Rosebud† with an extreme close-up of his lips. B) At the end of the movie when camera zooms in on Kane’s childhood sled focusing in on â€Å"Rosebud† 15. Notable lenses (deep focus, fish eye) A) The scene with the boy playing in the snow, seen through the window while his mother signs documents has deep focus. B) The scene where Kane’s wife is laying in the chair, the meds on the table; seen up close and the focus remains clear to the bedroom door in the distance. 16. Notable Camera Movement (crane shots, hand-held, etc. A) There is a crane shot; camera breaks through the sign and into the broken skylight into the El Rancho Nightclub B) Crane shot- Emily went to Susan’s home and going up the stairs into her home is one depicted. 17. Forced perspective A) The wedding scene of Emily and Kane are using forced perspective of the White House. B) There is a Scene showing Kane’s home, gate seen in the background on top of the hill. D. Editing—Assembly and Printing of film (give two examples each, noting briefly what you have observed and where in the film) 8. Special Effects (animation, matting) A) There is animation in two of the scenes where they show you a map WB. B) There is also picnic scene where animated birds are flying. 19. Transitions (dissolves, wipes, fades) A) Dissolving scene is when Thatcher, Bernstein, Kane are in a room, three are at a table and Kane is in the back. That letter reading shows 1929 and it dissolves. B) Earlier scene in beginning of film shows monkeys then it proceeds and you see the castle . In all that area all picture is showing dissolving. C) The Xanadu scenes were also dissolving scenes. D) His campaign scene showing his face in the background also dissolves. 20. Montage A) The scene at the â€Å"breakfast† table shows marriage nice and sweet then shows it falling apart. B) Another scene; Thatcher calls Kane Charles at Christmas time and he opened a Christmas present. This portrayed Thatcher young, Kane young, then next scene is reading a letter from Kane, and he is aged. D. Sound (give one example each) 21. Diegetic music A) When Kane receives the trophy. B) After the scene where Kane is typing the review. 22. Non-diagetic music A) After Kane leaves in the trophy scene thee is non- diegetic music. B) Sound transition; there was clapping going from one scene to another. 23. Notable or unusual music A) There is notable military music by the Teddy Roosevelt scene in the beginning of the film. B) The scene where you see the mannish woman there is echo and ironic music then you hear audio the audio transition and are less subtle 24. Layering A) There was voice overlay at the beginning with Thatcher and two employees. Thatcher is upset with Him for working at the newspaper and losing money. B) When Kane was throwing his big party with dancing girls there was laughter and chaos, much vocal overlay. 25. Audio transitions A) There is an audio transition when Kane yelling transitions into the horn honking. B) Audio transition scene when Kane is giving a speech and the scene transitions through different speeches. 26. Dead screen A) There is dead screen after the montage of scenes going through the newspaper headlines the film goes into a dead screen. How to cite Citizen Cane Questionaire, Papers

What Voice at Moth

What Voice at Moth-Hour Essay What Voice at Moth-Hour is a poem written in first person narrator by Robert Penn Warren, a poem which consists of five four-line stanzas, in which he is principally concerned to explore the origin and nature of a voice, constantly calling him back at moth-hour when he finds himself situated in different locations surrounded by nature. Through the first part of the poem, Warren uses a series of repeated questions asking himself What voice at moth-hour did I hear, whilst working towards an answer to which he will discover later at the end. Besides, he also makes use of enjambment, rhymes and figurative languages to back up and emphasise certain ideas and themes that he will put forward in the poem. We will write a custom essay on What Voice at Moth-Hour specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The poem is structured into two parts; the first is when he asks questions about the voice he once heard and trying to remember what it was, whilst the second, which consists of the last two stanzas, is when he remembers the simple trick to hear the voice again and gives the answer to the previous questions. The poem opens by introducing directly the question carried by the title: What voice at moth-hour did I hear calling. This gives a direct and explicit entry to the poem, allowing the readers to have a clear understanding of what he is looking for, and bringing more emphasis and attention to the title, as the question mirrors it at the start of the poem. This is the very same question that will be repeatedly set at the start of the first three stanzas. These continuous questions can, at a certain extent, reveal the poets confusion and, at the same time, enhance his longing for an answer. However, it is as if he is questioning himself rather than looking for someone that could possibly help him, he is therefore submerged into a process of deep self-reflection. Moreover, the function of these questions in the poem, other than exposing poets confusion in the eyes of the readers, has the purpose of arousing curiosity and interest in people as the incessant questions build up suspense throughout the poem. This keeps the readers concerned and at the same time, makes the readers feel involved, creating a link between the poet and the readers, as if they too, are searching for the very same answer. As the poem progresses, the speaker finds himself situated at different places in nature: in an orchard, by the stream and in the woods. The tone that Warren uses is quite calm, filled with a bit of melancholy with the use of diction, choosing specific words such as falling and last light which convey a sense of ending, when everything finishes and fades away. This contributes to the meaning of the whole poem as with these particular words Warren puts forward a sense of lateness, the time when something is about to end, suggesting that moth-hour is the approach of evening, the dusk, and it is at that specific moment that he can finally hear the voice. To a certain point, the speaker remembers and knows how to hear it again by a simple trick which is in fact a very simple thing: close my eyes. Closing the eyes is a way to focus and concentrate, leaving everything else in the outside world away from you, so that Warren can be peaceful and in complete silence in his own dimension. Only then can he finally hear the voice: Its late! Come home. It could be argued that this voice can be interpreted in two different ways; one is that he hears someone calling, while the other possibility is that there is a voice inside his head locked inside his memories. Therefore, closing eyes is a way to close one of the persons six senses and to focus on the other ones, such as on hearing, since the capability and sensitivity of the ears increases when a person can no longer see and has to rely on other weaker senses, and thus be able to hear faint sounds that you could hardly hear when distracted by the various things surrounding you. .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 , .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .postImageUrl , .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 , .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3:hover , .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3:visited , .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3:active { border:0!important; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3:active , .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3 .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb39e496a57c5fb6c1bf14d08e8ac4b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Chinese Poem translated by Ezra Pounds EssayHowever, closing eyes is also a way to stay calm and have control on your state of mind, allowing you to go back in time with memories whilst staying in absolute stillness. This is when he recalls the old times when he was a child and every time that he stayed out late, perhaps playing in the garden or in a park, he would have been called back from his mother, from the very same voice Its late! Come home. This could show his nostalgia for his childhood or possibly missing a person who has a close relationship with him, such as his mother that cares for him and reminds him to go home at the end of the day, when everything seems to be ending, falling apart, there is always a place that he could go: home. Moreover, the poem follows a regular A-B-A-B rhyme scheme throughout, which has the effect of making the poem musical and pleasing to ear and which also contributes to the whole idea that Warren wants to convey to the readers, that the questions about the voice keep arising constantly in the poets head and that he is continuously perturbed by it. The rhythm changes with the progression of the poem. The poem begins with a relatively fast rhythm with the use of long verses when describing the orchard; in fact, Warren makes use of enjambment since there was no punctuation in between the first, second and third verse, which as a result, gave no resting time for the readers to take their breath while reading, speeding up the rhythm, and therefore creating a whole picture of the image the speaker remembers seeing, without being interrupted by any punctuations. This allows him to better portray the image of the orchard, giving the readers a stronger impression of the garden and thus a stronger impression of the nature surrounding him. However, the rhythm, slows down when getting close to the answer as the verses get interrupted by many commas, giving a sense of ending. This has also the effect of emphasising each word towards the end, as when the rhythm slows down, the impact and significance of the word increases because readers will read words slowly, one by one, without rushing, taking deeply and absorbing more the meaning of the words and the use of diction by the poet. In fact, this gives the ending: Its late! Come home a much stronger impact on readers as they will focus more on these words, also because it is the answer to all the repetitive questions set earlier in the poem. Furthermore, these words are written in italics, giving further emphasis to them, giving the impression that its a voice echoing in the back of his memories that emerges in his mind, calling him and reminding him that it is late, time to go home. On the whole, the poem is very descriptive, describing the nature surrounding him at different places as nature is the main guide line throughout the poem. Moreover, the poem is very successful in getting hold of readers curiosity and interest through the use of the speakers effective questioning at the beginning of the poem and the slowing rhythm which adds an atmosphere of composure and peace, which are the two elements that nature usually conveys us, and therefore he uses the rhythm to further enhance the point. Besides, the voice that Warren hears in the end Its late! Come home has also an universal meaning, in other words, it is also a message for everybody, for people that are outside working, a reminder for them to remember and not to forget that they have a family and a home, where they can find peace and comfort when its getting darker, when the day vanishes and when they need support, they can return home.

Definition and Examples of Perception Verbs in English

Definition and Examples of Perception Verbs in English In English grammar, a verb of perception is a  verb (such as see, watch, look, hear, listen, feel, and taste) that conveys the experience of one of the physical senses. Also called perception verb or perceptual verb. Distinctions can be drawn between subject-oriented and object-oriented verbs of perception. Examples and Observations I discovered that to achieve perfect personal silence all I had to do was to attach myself leechlike to sound. I began to listen to everything. I probably hoped that after I had heard all the sounds, really heard them, and packed them down, deep in my ears, the world would be quiet around me.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) This is the pit of loneliness, in an office on a summer Saturday. I stand at the window and look down at the batteries and batteries of offices across the way, recalling how the thing looks in winter twilight when everything is going full blast, every cell lighted, and how you can see in pantomime the puppets fumbling with their slips of paper (but you dont hear the rustle), see them pick up their phone (but you dont hear the ring), see the noiseless, ceaseless moving about of so many passers of pieces of paper . . ..(E.B.White, Here Is New York. Harper, 1949) Now perchance many sounds sights only remind me that they once said something to me, and are so by association interesting. . . . I see a skunk on bare garden hill stealing noiselessly away from me, while the moon shines over the pitch pines which send long shadows down the hill . . .. I smell the huckleberry bushes. . . . Now I hear the sound of a bugle in the Corner reminding me of Poetic Wars, a few flourishes the bugler has gone to rest.(Henry David Thoreau, July 11, 1851. A Year in Thoreaus Journal: 1851, ed. by H. Daniel Peck. Penguin, 1993) A Markedness Hierarchy In Viberg (1984), a markedness hierarchy is presented for the verbs of perception based on data from approximately 50 languages. In slightly simplified form, this hierarchy can be stated as follows: SEEHEARFEEL{TASTE, SMELL} If a language has only one verb of perception, the basic meaning is see. If it has two, the basic meanings are see and hear etc. . . . See is the most frequent verb of perception in all eleven European languages in the sample.(Ã…ke Viberg, Crosslinguistic Perspectives on Lexical Organization and Lexical Progression. Progression and Regression in Language: Sociocultural, Neuropsychological and Linguistic Perspectives, ed. by Kenneth Hyltenstam and Ã…ke Viberg. Cambridge University Press, 1993) Subject-Oriented and Object-Oriented Verbs of Perception It is necessary to draw a two-way distinction between subject-oriented and object-oriented verbs of perception (Viberg 1983, Harm 2000), for . . . this distinction plays into the expression of evidential meaning.Subject-oriented perception verbs (called experience-based by Viberg) are those verbs whose grammatical subject is the perceiver and they emphasize the perceivers role in the act of perception. They are transitive verbs, and they can be further sub-divided into agentive and experiencer perception verbs. The subject-oriented agentive perception verbs signify an intended act of perception: (2a) Karen listened to the music. . . .(3a) Karen smelled the iris with delight. So in (2) and (3), Karen intends to listen to the music and she intentionally smells the iris. On the other hand, subject-oriented experiencer perception verbs indicate no such volition; instead, they merely describe a non-intended act of perception: (4a) Karen heard the music. . . .(5a) Karen tasted the garlic in the soup. So here in (4) and (5), Karen does not intend to go out of her way to auditorily perceive the music or to gustatorily perceive the garlic in her soup; they are simply acts of perception that she naturally experiences without any volition on her part. . . .The object of perception, rather than the perceiver himself, is the grammatical subject of object-oriented perception verbs (called source-based by Viberg), and the agent of perception is sometimes wholly absent from the clause. These verbs are intransitive. When using an object-oriented perception verb, speakers make an assessment concerning the state of the object of perception, and these verbs are often used evidentially: (6a) Karen looks healthy. . . .(7a) The cake tastes good. The speaker reports on what is perceived here, and neither Karen nor the cake are perceivers.(Richard Jason Whitt, Evidentiality, Polysemy, and the Verbs of Perception in English and German. Linguistic Realization of Evidentiality in European Languages, ed. by Gabriele Diewald and Elena Smirnova. Walter de Gruyter, 2010) Usage Note: The Perfect Infinitive After a Verb of Perception The perfect infinitive of verbsthe infinitive of the past, such as to have loved or to have eatenis often misused. . . . Usually . . . where one may have the instinct to use a perfect infinitive, one ought correctly to use the present. One of the rare legitimate usages is to refer to a completed action after a verb of perception: he appears to have broken his leg or she seems to have been lucky.(Simon Heffer, Strictly English: The Correct Way to Write . . . and Why It Matters. Random House, 2011)

How to Use Definite Articles in German

How to Use Definite Articles in German A definite article (der Definitartikel) is that tiny word in English we refer to as the. In German, we have three: der, die, das. As in English, they are also placed before the noun (or their modifying adjectives). In German, however, each of the definite articles has a gender. When to Use Der, Die or Das Der :  der Hut (the hat)Die :  die Klasse (the class)Das :  das Kind (the child) Please note that the above forms are for nouns in the nominative case only, as you would find them listed in the dictionary. To see how definite articles change in the different cases, read about the four German noun cases. How Do I Know Which Definite Article to Place Before a Noun? There are some guidelines for specific groups of nouns. However, for the most part, you need to memorize which noun goes with which definite article. As you do so, keep in mind these two basic rules: Most nouns denoting male and female beings will be der and die respectively.For example: der Mann (the man)die Frau (the woman) but there are exceptions: das Mdchen (the girl) In compound nouns, the correct definite article is the one that belongs to the last noun.  For  example:   das Hochzeitsfest/the wedding celebration ( das Fest )

Commercial Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Commercial Project Management - Essay Example Introduction of the Biometric Data Capture Facility in the renewal of driving licenses is a big move. The process need to be taken carefully and systematically in order to archive it. Because of this, there is the need to use the Gateway5 review process. From the Gateway5 review process, it is evident that the project has been successful. Review of operating phase Following an alert and committed attempt by all the employees involved the accomplishment of the project is looming completion (Cameron, Duff & Hare 2008). A few areas are yet to use the Biometric Data Capture Facility but are considered to be on time with the budget. The change has seen the Post office as one of the best performing organizations in the United Kingdom. This is because of the use of this new facility. Safety measures are taken when using the facility unlike the manual methods that were used to get the signatures, fingerprints and international civil aviation organization compliant photographs (Shoniregun & C rosier 2008). It was hectic, tiring and time consuming. This facility has eased all that. This has made the facility efficient. Despite some branches taking long to start using the facility and some employee shortage issues, the modifications have been successfully realized (LI & Jain 2009). The high level of support and devotion of all the employees involved has been broadly pointed out by those interviewed. Almost all the objectives set out in the project have now been accomplished and the project is successful even though some issues need to be adjusted in order to ensure full success of the project. A few of the issue that are yet to be handled include: Advertising the use of the new facility; so that the public does not hesitate to renew their driving license when they see the new facility being used (Gibson 2008). Ensuring all the 750 branches are using the facility; the remote areas are not excluded from the development. They too ought to upgrade their systems. Business case and benefits management The Application, Enrolment and Identification program (AEI) did not have a consolidated Business case. The service change anticipations were documented through the session and options process, whilst financial targets were made as measurement of the corporate performance and financial management command of the system (Marks 2012). However, throughout the AEI program, advancement reports to the Trust Board have been made regularly as a component of the approved governance structure. Thorough performance examination has been supported with a presentation scorecard across a number of regions that were the objectives of the programme (Marks 2012). These included, time used to renew a driving license and Flow of people; in that people just come for a few minutes and therefore no overcrowding. Extensive reports of presentation on these and other regions have been taken place. The majorities are now part of the corporate management process in the system and as such are treated very seriously. There is also a client satisfaction survey and amenable process that helps to track client’s experience (Ramakrishna 2010). The financial savings anticipated at this point have not been achieved. This has been observed with

The Hague Rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Hague Rules - Essay Example The Hague Rules radically changed the legal status of sea carriers under the bill of lading. Again in 1963 CMI adopted the text of a draft document which was intended to make limited amendments to the 1924 convention which was considered at 12th Session of the Brussels Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law in 1967 and 1968. The Protocol was signed in this respect on 23 February 1968 at Visby on the Swedish Island and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 was passed by the UK Government with effect to the protocol and re-enacted Hague Rules and Hague Visby Rules. (Martin Dockray and Katherine Reece Thomas, 2004) The Hague Rules were adopted in 1924, The Hague/Visby Rules in 1968 and 1979 and the Hamburg Rules in 1978. Each international convention in turn attempted to broaden its application in order to avoid lacunae, to encompass all contracts of carriage as well as bills of lading, and to permit incorporation by reference.2 The accepted international standard of the rights and duties of a Carrier, Shipper and consignee of goods carried by sea is the Hague Rules Convention of 1924 which has been given the force of law by most maritime nations.(Richard Price and Andreas Haberbeck, 1986)3 The general principle regarding the application of The Hague Rul... ect to the provisions of Article 6, under every contract of carriage of goods by sea the carrier, in relation to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of such goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth."4 Art. 1(b) -'Contract of carriage' applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and a holder of the same."5 The most important obligations under Hague or Hague Visby Rules are those imposed by Art. III6 Rule 1 (a) and (b) which requires the carrier to exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy and to properly man, equip and supply the ship before and at the beginning of the voyage. (Simon Gault et al, 2003) There were some initial problems in the proper implementation of Hague Rules as seen in Vita Food Products Inc V Unus Shipping Co. Ltd, where Herrings were shipped in Newfoundland under bills of lading of the Newfoundland Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1932 which stated that bill of lading 'shall contain an express statement that it is to have effect subject to the provisions of the Hague Rules as expressed in this Act' and also provided exemption from liability for master's negligence in navigation which exemption was also part of the Hague Rules. The Hague Rules further provided that any clause or agreement in the bills of lading relieving the carrier from liability for negligen ce imposed by the